SOLAS Verified Gross Mass (VGM) Requirements for Container Shipping

The Verified Gross Mass (VGM) requirement is a critical regulation under the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Convention, ensuring that the weight of shipping containers is accurately declared before being loaded onto a vessel. Implemented by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), this regulation aims to prevent accidents caused by misdeclared container weights, which can lead to vessel instability, container loss, and safety hazards at sea and in ports.

This article explores the importance of VGM regulations, the methods for obtaining VGM, and the impact of this requirement on the global shipping industry.

1. What is Verified Gross Mass (VGM)?

The Verified Gross Mass (VGM) of a container is the total weight of the container, including its contents and tare weight (empty container weight). The VGM requirement was introduced under SOLAS Chapter VI, Regulation 2, which states that no container can be loaded onto a ship unless its gross weight is verified and declared by the shipper.

The rule applies to all containerized cargo, including standard shipping containers, tank containers, and flat-racks. It does not apply to bulk cargo, which follows different weight verification procedures.

Why is VGM Important?

Before the implementation of the VGM rule, misdeclared container weights were a major safety concern. Overloaded or improperly declared containers could:
✔ Cause vessel instability, increasing the risk of capsizing.
✔ Lead to cargo shifting, potentially damaging goods and causing injuries.
✔ Overload port equipment, leading to crane failures or accidents.
✔ Cause stack collapses on container ships, resulting in container loss at sea.
✔ Pose risks during inland transportation, affecting truck and rail safety.

By ensuring accurate weight reporting, the VGM requirement enhances safety, operational efficiency, and regulatory compliance in the shipping industry.

2. How is VGM Measured?

The SOLAS regulation allows two approved methods for obtaining the VGM of a container:

Method 1: Weighing the Packed Container

• The entire packed and sealed container is weighed using a certified weighbridge, truck scale, or lifting equipment.
• This method is commonly used at container terminals, weigh stations, and logistics facilities.
• It provides the most accurate VGM measurement, as it accounts for all container contents and packaging.

Method 2: Weighing Cargo and Adding Tare Weight

• The shipper weighs all cargo items, dunnage (packaging materials), and securing materials separately.
• The tare weight of the empty container (printed on the container door) is added to obtain the total VGM.
• This method is useful for facilities that cannot weigh a fully packed container, but it requires precise weight calculations.

Which Method is Better?

✔ Method 1 is preferred for its accuracy and ease of compliance.
✔ Method 2 is useful for shippers handling smaller loads or using standard weight cargo calculations.

Regardless of the method used, the shipper is responsible for ensuring the weight is accurate and properly declared.

3. VGM Submission Process

To comply with SOLAS regulations, the shipper must submit the VGM to the carrier and terminal operator before loading. The submission process generally follows these steps:

1️⃣ Container is weighed using Method 1 or Method 2.
2️⃣ VGM is recorded and certified by the shipper or weighing facility.
3️⃣ VGM declaration is submitted to the carrier and terminal operator via electronic systems, email, or paperwork.
4️⃣ Container is verified against the declared VGM before being loaded onto the vessel.

If a VGM is not submitted on time, the container will not be loaded, leading to delays and additional costs.

4. VGM Compliance and Enforcement

Who is Responsible for VGM Compliance?

• Shipper – The entity named on the Bill of Lading (B/L) is responsible for declaring the correct VGM.
• Carriers and Terminal Operators – Ensure that containers without a VGM are not loaded onto the vessel.
• Regulatory Authorities – Governments and port authorities oversee VGM enforcement and compliance audits.

Penalties for Non-Compliance

Failure to comply with SOLAS VGM regulations can result in:
❌ Containers being rejected at ports.
❌ Delays and additional storage charges.
❌ Fines and legal penalties imposed by local authorities.
❌ Increased scrutiny of future shipments.

To avoid these issues, shippers must ensure their VGM is accurate, certified, and submitted on time.

5. Impact of VGM on Global Shipping

Since its implementation in July 2016, the VGM requirement has positively impacted maritime safety and improved container handling efficiency. However, it has also introduced challenges for some shippers and logistics operators.

Benefits of VGM Regulation

✔ Enhanced Safety – Reduces the risk of container stack collapses, vessel instability, and overloading.
✔ Improved Cargo Handling – Helps terminals plan loading operations more effectively.
✔ Better Supply Chain Transparency – Encourages accurate weight reporting and documentation.

Challenges and Concerns

❌ Increased Costs for Shippers – Some shippers face higher costs for weighing fees, additional paperwork, and equipment investments.
❌ Operational Delays – Weighing containers adds an extra step, potentially causing shipment delays if not planned properly.
❌ Inconsistent Enforcement – Some countries interpret and enforce VGM rules differently, creating regulatory uncertainties.

To overcome these challenges, many logistics companies and carriers have integrated automated weighing systems and electronic submission platforms to streamline VGM compliance.

6. Best Practices for Shippers to Ensure VGM Compliance

✔ Plan Ahead – Arrange for container weighing early to avoid last-minute delays.
✔ Use Certified Weighing Equipment – Ensure weighbridges and scales are calibrated and certified.
✔ Automate VGM Submission – Use electronic data interchange (EDI) systems to submit VGM efficiently.
✔ Train Staff on VGM Requirements – Educate employees on weighing procedures, documentation, and submission deadlines.
✔ Coordinate with Carriers and Ports – Communicate with shipping lines and terminal operators to ensure smooth cargo acceptance.

By following these best practices, shippers can minimize compliance risks and streamline cargo operations.

Conclusion

The SOLAS Verified Gross Mass (VGM) requirement is a crucial regulation that enhances maritime safety, prevents cargo accidents, and ensures accurate weight reporting in container shipping. While compliance with VGM regulations presents logistical challenges, it ultimately improves vessel stability, cargo handling, and global shipping efficiency.

For shippers, understanding VGM rules, using the correct weighing method, and submitting accurate weight declarations are essential steps in ensuring smooth and compliant shipping operations. As technology advances, automated solutions and digital platforms will continue to simplify VGM compliance, making maritime transportation safer and more efficient for all stakeholders.